Chapter II

Summarized Facts Concerning Each Clinic California Claremont Colleges Guidance Center: (Claremont, California.) Jurisdiction: Claremont Colleges; California Bureau of Juvenile Research.

The Guidance Center was organized to meet the demands for teachers, attendance officers, visiting teachers, clinical psychologists, etc., who have had actual experience with children over a period of time, and also to meet the need for child guidance clinic service in communities surrounding Claremont.

Staff: Director: Fenton, Norman, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Associate Director: Eyre, Mary B., B.A., M.A., Psychologist. Psychologists: 11 graduate students working for the M.A. degree in Psychology at Claremont Colleges. Research Worker: Murray, Margaret E., M.A. Associate Research Workers: 16 graduate students, candidates for M.A. and Ph.D. degrees have developed theses from clinical material. Social Workers: 8 graduate students, candidates for M.A. and Ph.D. degrees at Claremont Colleges. Clerks : 3, also 1 library assistant. 36 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC Number of persons studied: 392 (October, 1933-January, 1934). Age range of persons studied: 4 to 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Sources of reference: County coordinating council, county probation officers, public and private schools. Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by interviews with parents, teachers, and others who are acquainted with the child. Medical examinations are made in some cases by Claremont College physicians but more often by family and school physicians. Tests used: Stanford-Binet, Arthur Performance Scale, Stanford Achievement, Monroe Diagnostic Reading Examination, Stenquist Mechanical Aptitude, Terman Group Test, other subject matter and special ability tests, as indicated. Research is supervised by Dr Norman Fenton and conducted by research associates and graduate students. Students devote approximately one-third of their time to research. Training and practice in clinical psychology, teaching and social work is offered to graduate students who have majored in psychology or sociology in their under-graduate work. From 15 to 25 students are selected on a basis of academic and personal qualifications. Tuition or maintenance is given to 13 students at a children’s institution. The clinical practice is supplemented by seminars in educational tests and measurements, advanced clinical psychology, behavior problems in children, exceptional children, research, etc., which are offered by Dr Norman Fenton in Claremont College. Traveling Child Guidance Clinic, California Bureau of Juvenile Research: (Claremont, California.) Jurisdiction: Department of Institutions, State of California. A commission for the study of problem children was created in California in 1927. As a result of the work of this commission, the California Bureau of Juvenile Research was organized as a part of the State Program to prevent Juvenile Delinquency. Under this bureau of research a visiting Child Guidance Clinic was REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 37 organized for the purpose of studying children who present symptoms of maladjustment or serious behavior problems and to study the causes of these difficulties in their early stages. These clinics help communities to adjust children already presenting serious behavior problems and offer an opportunity for parents, judges, teachers, probation officers and others to gain an understanding of the early symptoms of social conflict arising in the homes, the schools, and the community, and lead them to cooperate in a program to adjust the child in its own home and community. The work of the clinic is two-fold in character: first, it offers a regular clinical service to smaller communities by means of repeated visits and follow-up work on the cases. Second, in larger communities such as, Long Beach, San Diego, and San Jose, it acts as a demonstration unit whose purpose it is to help the local communities to develop child guidance clinics of their own. The clinic has visited eleven communities since December, 1929, and has also served the city of Whittier and other nearby communities such as Anaheim and Santa Anna. A regular four-day service with one or two days of preliminary work in the community and several return clinics have been held. In addition, follow-up visits have been made by the psychiatric social worker in all communities visited. Staff: Director: Fenton, Norman, B.S., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Senior Clinical Psychologist: Derby, Mary M., B.S., M.A. Junior- Clinical Psychologists: Allan, Nan M., B.A., M.A.; Davis, A. G., B.E., M.A.; Richey, Amytis, B.A., M.A.; Spizht, Julia, B.A., M.A.; Tyson, Dorothy, K., B.A., M.A. Psychiatrist & Chief of Staff: Jaeger, Ruth E., B.A., M.D. Five psychiatrists from State Institutions contribute part-time service. Social Workers: 1, with a B.S. degree. Clerks: 1. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 575 (1932-33.’, Age range of persons studied: 4 to 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (250), educational problems (200), guidance problems (80), placement problems (20), mental defects and abnormalities (15). Sources of reference: Welfare agencies (public and private), Probation Department, schools, parents, prospective foster-parents, physicians. 38 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are secured from referring agencies and by the social worker. Medical examinations are made by local or family physicians. Psychiatric examinations are made by clinic psychiatrists. Tests used: Stanford Revision Binet-Simon, Arthur Performance Scale, Stenquist Mechanical Aptitudes, Stanford Aptitude Interest Analysis, Neymann-Kolstedt, personality inventories, formboards, achievement tests, analytic tests. Research is under the direction of Dr Fenton, and is conducted by graduate students, with the Juvenile Bureau of Research. Santa Rita Clinic: (2361 Bellevue Avenue, Los Angeles, California.) Jurisdiction: Catholic Welfare Bureau Relief Agency. The Clinic was established to meet a need for medical and psychological examinations of children in institutions governed by the Catholic Welfare Bureau. It is now installed in the Queen of Angels Hospital Building, also under the jurisdiction of the Catholic Welfare Bureau. Staff: Director: Sullivan, Elizabeth T., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychiatrist: Steele, Edwin H., M.D., Member, Lunacy Commission of Los Angeles County. Physicians: The physicians of the Queen of Angels Hospital staff are all available in consultation. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 75. Age range of those studied: 4 to 14 years. Reasons given for requests for study: Conduct problems (13), educational problems (14), neglect problems (5), placement problems (20), guidance problems (17), mental defects and abnormalities (36). Sources of reference: Schools, relief agencies, physicians, etc. Facts concerning social history, environment, and schooling, are obtained from social workers of the referring agencies, and clinic nurses. Medical examinations are not routine?are made when requested. Tests used: Intelligence, performance, and achievement tests. Remedial teaching is done as time permits. Research is conducted by Dr Sullivan, Director of Clinic. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 39 No training is offered, though a few students are permitted to observe. Institute of Family Relations: (Consolidated Building, 6th and Holl Sts., Los Angeles, California.) Jurisdiction: An independent, non-profit, philanthropic organization. Fees charged. The Institute of Family Relations was established to meet the generally recognized need of giving to the public the existing information that will make for success in marriage and parenthood. Its work consists of public education, personal service and research. It represents the first organized attempt in the United States to bring all the resources of science to bear on the promotion of successful family life. The General Director is Paul Popenoe, D.Sc.; the Medical Director is John Vruwink, M.D.; the Educational Director Loran Osborn, Ph.D.; and the Director of Psychological Service Kate Brousseau, Ph.D. The services of the institute include education for marriage, family adjustment, assistance in problems of sex, heredity, child training, adolescent behavior, disputed maternity and adoption of children. It conducts a psychological clinic which offers a broad psychological service. The Institute does not treat disease, but refers its clients to their own physicians. Its work is primarily diagnostic and educational. Transactions are wholly confidential. It is operated on a non-profit basis as a public service. For complete pre-marital conference and for cases of family maladjustments a nominal fee of $10.00 is charged. An extensive lecture service is maintained. Lectures are available on almost any topic concerning marriage and the family, and a special series of six lectures in the choice of alternate subjects has been arranged, in which experts cover the most important aspects of the family. This course has been given under the auspices of colleges, churches, christian associations, clubs and parent-teachers associations.

Clinic Staff:

Director: Brousseau, Kate, Ph.D., Docteur de l’Universitie de Paris, Psychologist.

Psychological Counsellors: Casselbury, William S., B.A., M.A., Ph.D.; Fenton, Jessie Chase, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.; Williams, J. Harold, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Medical Counsellor: Hunter, George G., M.D., Psychiatrist. Medical Director: Vruwink, John, M.D. Medical Counsellors: Belt, A. Elmer, M.D.; Frost, Kendal, M.D.; Franklin, Dorothy, M.D. Research Workers: Popenoe, Paul, D.Sc., General Director; Brousseau, Kate, Ph.D., Director Psychological Service. Social Workers: O’Reilly, Mrs. Juanita, Public Health Nurse, Psychiatric Case Worker. Teachers and Recreational Workers: 5.

Clerks: 3.

Approximate number of persons studied annually: 3000; between 150 and 200 are given psychological tests.

Age range of persons studied: 6 months to 45 years. Source of reference: State Department of Social Welfare, Court of Domestic Relations, Children’s Protective Association, Community Boys’ Lodge, Council of Jewish Women, Children’s Home Society of California, physicians.

The facts concerning social history, environment, and schooling are obtained from the case histories provided by the referring organizations and from conferences with the relatives and the individual examined. Medical examinations are not free, but are given at greatly reduced prices. Free medical service is obtained through the General Hospital, Children’s Hospital and other clinics. Tests used: Intelligence, word association, memory, color, personality inventories. Research is conducted by Dr Popenoe and Dr Brousseau. Course in Clinical Psychology at University of Redlands: (Redlands, California.) Jurisdiction: Department of Psychology, University of Redlands. This clinic developed to meet the need of imparting the clinical point of view to students. It was necessary to establish a clinic in order to achieve this end.

Staif:

Director: Roberts, W. H., Ph.D., Psychologist. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 30. Age range of persons studied: 6 to 18 years. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 41 Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Sources of reference: schools and parents. Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from teachers and from parents. No medical examinations are made in the clinic; they are obtained by referring to physicians in Redlands. Tests used: Stanford Revision Binet-Simon, Arthur Performance Battery, Woodworth-Matthews Personal Data Inventory. Training and practice in clinical service is offered to senior students who are admitted by permission only. Training is given in testing and in interviewing. Three to six students are accepted. Clinical practice is supplemented by courses in Clinical Psychology and Development of Personality, offered in the college curriculum. Juvenile Court Clinic of Stanford University Psychological Clinic: (75 West St. James St., San Jose, California.) Jurisdiction: Leland-Stanford University. This clinic is associated with the Stanford University Psychological Clinic (No. 2 in this series). Its work is limited to Juvenile Court subjects.

Staff:

Director: Merrill, Maud A., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Graduate students serve in capacity of mental examiners. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 100. Age range of persons studied: 8 to 21 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (98%), neglect and placement problems (2%). Source of Reference: Juvenile Probation Department. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by experienced but otherwise untrained social workers. Physical examinations are made, when indicated, by physician appointed by the Judge of the Juvenile Court, or at County Hospital. No diagnostic or clinical teaching is done.

Research is directed by Dr Maud A. Merrill. It is done by graduate students in preparation of Master’s degree. Stanford University Psychological Clinic: (Dept. of Psychology, Stanford Univ., Stanford University P. 0., California.) Jurisdiction: Leland-Stanford University. The Clinic was established in connection with the development of a course in clinical psychology. The Clinic has always been conducted by Stanford University and has had no other formal connection except with the Juvenile Court of Santa Clara County which connection has been maintained over a period of about twenty years. Examinations are made on request for the Palo Alto public schools, where a service is maintained, for the County Charities Department, and for the Juvenile Court of San Mateo County. The aim of the Clinic is primarily educational, i.e., it serves as a training center for students in clinical methods and practice.

Staff:

Director: Merrill, Maud A., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Graduate students serve in capacity of mental examiners. From six to eight do mental testing in the schools and at the Juvenile Court.

Psychiatrist: None. Service is rendered by members of the staff of the Agnew State Hospital for the Insane and by the professor of psychiatry at the Stanford Medical School. Clerks: Two. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 500 (100 in some detail). Age range: Infancy through adolescence. Reasons for requests for study: Conduct problems (50), education problems (15), educational classifications (400), neglect problems (15), guidance problems (10), mental defects and abnormalities (10). Sources of reference: Juvenile Court, public schools, physicians, parents and County Department of Charities. Facts concerning social history, environment, and schooling are obtained by student examiners and social workers who visit the homes and the schools.

Tests used: Intelligence, mechanical aptitude, achievement, educational, personality inventories, college entrance. Diagnostic and clinical teaching is done with a small number of children. Research is supervised by the Director of Clinic. It is done by graduate students in preparation of Master’s theses. Clinical training and practice is offered to major students in psychology of senior or graduate standing. Training is given in the application of psychometric techniques and their interpretation and evaluation in connection with the problems of adjustment presented by children in the school, juvenile court, and special situations.

Ten courses are offered at Stanford University as preparatory for clinical practice, six are required and four are recommended. Colorado Department of Research, University of Denver: (Denver, Colorado.) Jurisdiction: University of Denver. The clinic was organized for the purpose of training students in mental testing.

Staff: Director: Garth, T. R., Ph.D., Psychologist. Testers: Bechtold, Elsie, B. A., Graduate Student; Webster, Anne, B. A., Graduate Student. Clerk: 1. , Approximate number of persons studied annually: 50. Age range of persons studied: 3 to 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference: schools and institutions. Tests used: Intelligence. Research is conducted by graduate students under direction of Dr Garth. Three students of the University of Denver accepted for training in Binet testing. Connecticut The Yale Clinic of Child Development: (14 Davenport Ave., New Haven, Conn.)

Jurisdiction: Yale University School of Medicine. The Yale Clinic of Child Development was founded by Dr. Arnold Gesell in 1911. It soon became a section of the New Haven Dispensary, affiliated with the Yale University School of Medicine. The first work was the examination of backward and exceptional pupils of the public schools; later emphasis was shifted to the pre-school period and to special research concerning the first year of life. The clinic has always been completely under the auspices of the Yale University. It serves community organizations without charge.

Clinic Staff:

Director: Gesell, Arnold, Ph.D., M.D., D.Sc., Psychologist and Psychiatrist. Psychologists: Thompson, Helen, B.A., Ph.D., Research Associate in Biology; Washburn, Ruth W., B. A., Ph.D., Research Associate in Child Development. Clinical Examiner: Castner, Burton M., B.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychiatrist: Gesell, Arnold, M.D. Physicians: Amatruda, Catherine Strunk, B.A., M.D., Clinical Examiner and Research Assistant in Pediatrics; Ilg, Frances, M.D., Research Assistant in Pediatrics. Research Worker: Halverson, Henry M., Ph.D., Research Associate in Experimental Psychology. Social Workers: Bullis, Glenna E. (Part-time visitor), social workers of referring organizations used. Teacher: Jennings, Anne P., B.A., B.E., Guidance Worker. Clerks: 1 (full time), 2 (part-time). Approximate number of persons studied annually: 707 (2300 contacts year 1932). Age range of persons studied: 4 weeks to 16 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (34), educational problems (91), neglect and placement problems (416), guidance problems (93), mental defects and abnormalities and developmental research (73). Sources of reference: Parents, physicians, State Bureau of Child Welfare, other departments of the Medical School, visiting nurse associations, nursery schools, social agencies (totaling 30). The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained through a blank which is filled out by parent or social agency and also by facts ascertained during interview. Medical examinations are not always made by clinic physician. They are sometimes obtained from other medical services. Tests used: Yale developmental schedules, Stanford Revision of Binet-Simon, Detroit, Standard performance and educational tests, Merrill-Palmer.

Diagnostic and clinical teaching are done.

A few special cases of reading disability are cared for in the clinical service department. Full time guidance work is done in the Guidance Nursery. Research is conducted under the direction of Dr Gesell by research assistants and clinical examiners. Time assigned for research is available. Training in the clinic is offered for those holding college degrees or medical degrees. Number of students accepted is 10. This training is supplemented by courses given at Yale University.

District of Columbia

American University College of Liberal Arts Clinic in Psychology: (American University Campus, Washington, D. C.) Jurisdiction: American University.

The clinic was established in response to the need for psychological service in the college and also to an appeal from outside sources for such aid. Staff: Director: Bentley, John Edward, M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologist: 1. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 50. Age range of persons studied: Mostly children and adolescents. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects, and abnormalities. Sources of reference: public schools, colleges, private individuals. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by case work methods. Physical examinations including visual are made by the clinic physician.

Psychiatric examinations are obtained at St. Elizabeth Hospital. Tests used: Intelligence, educational, emotional, motor ability. A small amount of diagnostic and clinical teaching is done. The director offers courses at the American University, Washington, D. C., and the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Clinic for Mental and Nervous Diseases: (Providence Hospital, 2d and D Sts., SB., Washington, D. C.) Jurisdiction: Catholic University of America, Providence Hospital. The clinic was organized on the personal initiative of Dr Moore.

Staff: Head of Clinic: Moore, Thomas Verner, Ph.D., M.D., Psychologist and Psychiatrist. Physicians: 2 (part-time). Social Workers: The clinic is affiliated with the National Catholic Social Service School and social service work is done by students of the school under the direction of the school staff. Clerks: 1 (part-time). Approximate number of persons studied annually: 216. Age range of persons studied: 2 to 71 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, neglect problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Sourees of reference: Schools, juvenile courts, associated charities, parents.

Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from referring agencies and special investigations by social workers. Medical examinations are made by clinic physicians and special examinations by reference to other clinics in the hospital. Test used: Stanford Revision Binet-Simon, construction tests, reasoning tests.

Training and practice in clinical service is offered to graduate students.

Training is given in Mental Measurements and Psychiatry. Research is conducted by graduate students under the direction of Dr Furfey of the National Catholic Social Service School. Georgia University of Georgia Clinic: (Dept. of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.) Jurisdiction: University of Georgia. The clinic was organized as a part of the Department of Psychology on the initiative of the department. Staff: Director: Edwards, A. S., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologists: Green, J. E., Ph.D., Cooperating; Young, Florence, M.A., Cooperating; Ziegler, M. M., M.A., Cooperating; Harrell, T. W., Student Assistant, Cooperating. Psychiatrist: Echols, George L., M.D. Physician: Reynolds, N., M.D. (University Physician).

Clerk: 1. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 50 to 100. Age range of persons studied: 3 to 62 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference: Parents, teachers, judges, deans and professors in the University. Test used: Various forms of intelligence tests, performance, educational, special achievement, special tests as required by case. Diagnostic or clinical teaching is done occasionally. Research: A little is done as opportunity offers. No special research workers. Training and practice in examination and diagnosis is offered to students in psychology. Number not limited. Educational affiliations: Director of Clinic offers two courses in senior college, in which there are discussions in clinical problems and clinical practice. Hawaii

Psychological and Psychopathic Clinic, University of Hawaii: (Honolulu, Hawaii.) Jurisdiction: University of Hawaii. The clinic was organized as a result of the establishment of a home for the feebleminded in Honolulu. This project made very evident the need for a diagnostic service. “When the clinic was established its services were extended to meet the needs of the Juvenile Court and the other social service agencies, and a very close cooperation exists between the clinic and the various agencies. The clinic was organized in 1922 under legislative enactment, and has been affiliated with the University of Hawaii from the beginning.

Staff:

Director: Porteus, Stanley D., D.Sc., Psychologist. Assistant Director: Babcock, Marjorie E., Ph.D., Psychologist. Research Assistants: Leiter, Russell G., M. A.; Killon, Stewart, M.A., Temporary Fellowship.

Clerks: 1. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 600 to 1000. Age range of persons studied: 3 years to adult. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (20%), educational problems (50%), placement problems (5%), guidance problems (10%), mental defects and abnormalities (15%). Source of reference: Parents, school principals, Juvenile Court, social service agencies.

The facts concerning the social history, environment and schooling are obtained from teachers, from parents, and from social workers connected with the referring agencies. A very close connection exists between the social workers and the clinic. No physical examinations are made in the clinic; if indicated, they are made at a community clinic or by family physician. Tests used: Various types of intelligence, formboards, Porteus Maze, Goodenough Drawing.

No diagnostic or clinical teaching is done.

Research is supervised by the Director of the Clinic, and is conducted by staff members and by research assistants. One half of the time of the Director is devoted to research and this is carried on under a Rockefeller grant.

Educational affiliations: The Director and the Assistant Director offer courses in research psychology and research racial psyREPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 49 chology and social psychology at the University of Hawaii. They also offer psychological counseling to university students. Illinois Bureau of Child Study and Guidance: (Board of Education, 228 N. LaSalle St., Chicago, Illinois.)

Jurisdiction: Board of Education, Chicago, Illinois. The Bureau of Child Study was organized in 1899 as the result of the realization by the Board of Education that the School System needed an agency within its own control to properly deal with individual variants of all types.

Staff:

Director: MacMillan, D. P., Ph.D., M.D., Psychologist. Psychologists: Barrett, Katherine, R.N., M.A.; Brett, Ellen P., M.A.; Chamness, Helen, B.A.; Geismeir, Ruth, B.A.; Ilouck, Estelle M., M.A.; Huesman, Mary, M.A.; Lowe, Charlotte, M.A.; Mueller, Willemina, B.A.; Spangler, Edna K., M.A.; Thornhill, Judith, M.A. Psychiatrists: MacMillan, D. P., Ph.D., M.D., Director; Brannock, Karl, M.D. Research Workers: Beckhour, Alfred G., Ph.D., Psychologist; Rogers, Anna K., B.A., M.A.; Munson, Grace E., Ph.D.; Meyers, Anna, B.A. Several persons connected with the public school department give part-time to research in connection with the Bureau of Child Study. Clerks: 5.

Approximate number of persons studied annually: 22,000. Age range of persons studied: 3% to 22 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems (Lead in number), neglect problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. The facts concerning the social history, environment and schooling are obtained from the truant officer, the visiting teachers and vocational advisers connected with these public schools. Medical examinations are made by the school medical examiners. Research is supervised by the Director of the Bureau and is conducted by all members of the staff. No training and practice in clinic service is offered. Clinic of Jewish Social Service Bureau: (1800 Selden St., Chicago, Illinois.)

Jurisdiction: Jewish Social Service Bureau. The clinic was organized to meet the need of social workers for intensive studies of the abilities and personalities of the clients in order to rightly guide them educationally and vocationally.

Staff:

Psychologist: Grauer, David, B.A., M.A. (Part-time.) Social Workers: None on Clinic Staff. Social Workers of Bureau utilized. Clerks: 1.

Approximate number of persons studied annually: 150 to 200. Age range of person studied: 5 to 60 years. Reasons given for request for study: Educational problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of Reference: Jewish Social Service Bureau. The facts concerning the social history, environment, and schooling are collected by the Social Case Workers of the Bureau. No physical examinations are made in clinic. Medical and psychiatric examinations are obtained by reference to various medical and psychiatric clinics. Tests used: General intelligence, performance, mechanical, dexterity, educational, personality, interest, clerical. No diagnostic or clinical teaching.

Research is done by the psychologists. No definite time is allowed. Research deals with vocational, industrial, and educational problems. No training and practice in clinical service offered. Psycho-educational Clinic, Northwestern University: (School of Education, Evanston, Illinois.)

Jurisdiction: School of Education, Northwestern University. This is a psycho-educational clinic, the main function of which is the diagnosis of cases of educational maladjustment. Remedial measures are suggested to be carried out in the schools which originally referred them. The social histories and the reports of physical condition are forwarded to the clinic at the time of testing by the agency which refers the case.

Staff: Director: Witty, Paul A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Assistant Directors: Lane, Howard A., M.A., Psychologist; Wilkins, Leroy W., M.A., Psychologist. Research Workers: The Director and Psychological Assistants. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 155 cases (1930-32), 164 cases (1932-33).

Age range of persons studied: 3 to 19 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems (These lead in number), neglect problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities.

Source of reference: Schools and parents. The facts concerning the social history, environment, and schooling are obtained from referring persons or agencies and supplemented by facts secured during conference. No medical examinations are made in the clinic, but simple tests of vision, hearing, height and weight are made. Physical examinations are secured from private or school physicians. Tests used: Standard Survey and Diagnostic Tests, Porteus Maze, Form Board, Pintner-Patterson, Arthur Scale, Educational Tests.

Diagnostic or clinical teaching is used with about 50 children per year. Research is under the direction of the Director of the Clinic and the Director of Research of the School of Education of Northwestern University. It is conducted by all members of the clinic.

Training and practice in clinical service is offered to graduates. The training is diagnosis of educational and conduct maladjustments; application of remedial measures; and training in the administration and interpretation of mental, educational and performance tests. Number of students is limited to six. Regular tuition fees are charged.

The Mooseheart Laboratory for Child Research: (Mooseheart, Illinois.)

Jurisdiction: Mooseheart?The City of Childhood. Mooseheart?the City of Childhood was founded in 1913 as a home and school for children. It is supported by the Interna52 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC tional Brotherhood of the Loyal Order of Moose. The citizens of the city are all sons and daughters of deceased members of this order. The school system extends from nursery school through high school and includes industrial and vocational schools. For the dual purpose of giving these 1300 children the best possible opportunities and for advancing scientific knowledge concerning the growing normal child, the Board of Governors and Superintendent of Mooseheart decided to establish a research laboratory. After consulting with experts in child development, care and training, the laboratory for child research was organized in 1930 with Dr Martin Luther Reymert as Director and an advisory council of eight scientists. An intensive, broad and varied research program is at present in progress.

Staff: Director: Reymert, Martin L., Ph.D., Psychologist. Clinical Psychologist: Kuenzel, Myra W., M.A. Assistant Clinical Psychologist: Hayes, Charlotte, M.A. Fellow in Clinical Psychology: Carlson, Mildred, B.A. Research Assistants in Psychology: Gulliksen, Harold, Ph.D.; Ludwig, Kardos, Ph.D.; Meyer, Lorenz A., M.A.; Carrell, James A., M.A., Ph.D. Research Assistant in Physiology: Gulliksen, Dorothy, Ph.D. Psychiatrist: Burling, Temple, M.D., Visiting Consultant. Psychiatric Social Workers: Ortli, Mrs. Marjorie, M.A.; Runyon, Gertrude, Visiting. The clientele of the clinic consists of the 1300 citizens of the child city.

Tests used: Intelligence, achievement, mechanical ability, personality inventories, vocational guidance, special abilities. Research is under the direction of Dr Reymert and is conducted by Dr Reymert and members of the staff. Seventeen research projects are at present in progress. Department of Educational Council, Winnetka Public Schools: (Winnetka, Illinois.) Jurisdiction: Winnetka Public Schools.

The organization of the clinic was the result of a special effort to help the retarded group in the Winnetka Schools. Remedial teachers affiliated with the Institute for Juvenile Research were secured to handle this group. They stressed the necessity for REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 53 clinical diagnosis of the causes underlying the behavior of retardates.

Staff: School Psychologist: Voas, William H., M.A. Psychiatrist: Rich, Gilbert J., M.D., Ph.D. Physicians: Aldrich, C. A., M.D., Pediatrician; Munns, George, M.D., Pediatrician. Research Workers: Voas, William H., Psychologist, Director (part-time); Morphet, Mrs. Mabel Vogel, Asst. Director (full time). Social Workers: McBee, Marian, M.S.S., Counsellor; Totten, Helen, M.S.S., Counsellor; Belb, Trau, M.A. Clerks: 1. Age range of persons studied: 5 to 14 years; adults teachers, and parents. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference: Schools and homes. The facts concerning the social history, environment, and schooling are obtained by social workers through interviews with members of the family, teachers and community workers and schools. Routine medical examinations made by clinic physician or family physician. Tests used: Intelligence, achievement, special ability, educational. Research is supervised by Mr. Washburne, Superintendent of Schools, and Mr. Voas, Director of Clinic. It is conducted by Mr. Voas and Mrs. Morphet. Dr Dorothy Van Alstyne of the Winnetka Nursery School, also conducts research in nursery school problems. Research deals with psychological and educational problems. Educational affiliations: Seminars are conducted by members of the clinic staff at the Graduate Teachers College of Winnetka. Indiana Indiana University Psychological Clinic: (Bloomington, Indiana.) Jurisdiction: Department of Psychology, Indiana University. Established in 1922 as a part of the Department of Psychology of Indiana University.

Staff: Director: Louttit, C.M., B.S., Ph.D., Psychologist. Much of the clinical examining is done by graduate students under the supervision of the Director. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 200. Age range of persons studied: 3 to 20 years. Reasons given for request for study: Educational problems, conduct problems, mental defects and abnormalities, speech. Source of reference: City schools, social service agencies, physicians, parents, individual studies. The facts concerning the social history, environment and schooling are obtained by student worker. Physical examinations whenever indicated. Tests used: Binet-Simon, Witmer Formboard, Porteus Maze, Merrill-Palmer. Clinical teaching offered in a few cases. Research is supervised by the Director and conducted by the Director and students. Training and practice in clinic service is offered to Juniors, Seniors, and Graduate students. Educational affiliations: Courses are given in Indiana University by the Director of the Clinic. Indiana University Psychological Clinic: (Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.) Jurisdiction: Indiana University Medical School and Hospitals. The clinic was established with the Hospital in 1923.

Staff: Director: Louttit, C.M., D.S., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologist: Frith, Gladys D., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., M.D. Psychiatrists 1 Physicians j- Hospital Staff are used in clinic service. Social Workers j Approximate number of persons examined annually: 350. Age range of persons: 2 years to adult. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, speech. Source of reference: Hospitals, schools, public health nurses, social workers, courts, physicians. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 55 The facts concerning the social history, environment and schooling are obtained either during the interview from patients, family and friends, or by hospital social worker. Physical examinations are made by hospital physicians. Tests used: Binet-Simon, “Witmer Formboard, Porteus Maze, Merrill-Palmer. Speech training given by members of staff. Research is supervised by the Director and conducted by students. Educational affiliations: A course in child behavior problems is offered for the graduates in the School of Nursing. Iowa Psychological and Speech Clinic, University of Iowa: (Iowa City, Iowa.) Jurisdiction: Interdepartmental unit supported by the departments of psychiatry, psychology, and speech. It functions as a unit of the out-patient department of the Psychopathic Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa. It was organized in response to the need for an interdepartmental unit to handle deviates who were not sufficiently abnormal to be referred to the Psychopathic Hospital. Staff: Director: Travis, Lee Edward, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Clinician in charge of stutterers: Johnson, “Wendell, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Clinician in charge of reading disability cases: Robinson, Frank, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Psychometrist: Herren, Grace, B.A. (Psychopathic Hospital.) Psychiatrists: Malamud, William, M.D., Asst. Director, Psychopathic Hospital; Miller, Wilbur R., M.D., Instructor, Psychopathic Hospital; Hill, T. S., M.D., Asst. Professor, Psychopathic Hospital. Social Workers: McCreery, Agnes, B.A., M.A.; Rasmus, Florence, B.A., M.A. Teachers: Barnes, Harry, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Asst. Professor in Speech; Rasmus, Bessie, B.A., M.A., Clinician in charge of articulatory cases, Instructor in Speech; Blattner, Helene, B.A., M.A., Instructor in Speech. Clerks: 1.

Approximate number of persons studied annually: 300. Age range of persons studied: Pre-school years to adults. Reasons given for request for study: Defective voice and speech (250), reading difficulties (20), conduct problems (10), educational problems (20). Source of reference: Psychopathic Hospital, University Hospital, schools, University, orphanages, social workers, physicians, parents. The facts concerning the social history, environment and schooling are obtained by social workers. Medical examinations are made by clinic physicians. Tests used: Intelligence, Pintner-Patterson, Arthur Point Scale, achievement, personality, placement, speech-sound discrimination, speech comprehension, silent reading comprehension. Research is supervised by Drs. Travis, Malamud, Johnson, and Barnes, and is conducted by them with the assistance of graduate students.

Clinical training and practice are offered to about 12 to 15 students per year. Requirements are a Ph.D with special training in clinical psychology and psychiatry, or an M.D. with special training in psychiatry.

Training is supplemented by courses offered in the Psychopathic Hospital, the departments of Psychology and Speech, Zoology, the Child Welfare Research Station and the Medical School. Psychological Clinic of Des Moines Health Center: (Jewett Building, Des Moines, Iowa.) Jurisdiction: The Clinic functions as a part of the Des Moines Health Center. It is governed by a board of directors made up of representatives from the medical, dental, hospital and social welfare agencies of the community, and of the juvenile court. It is financed by the community chest. The clinic was established in 1919 through the joint efforts of Drake University, the County Medical Society, and the Public Welfare Bureau.

Staff: Psychologist: Sylvester, Reuel H., Ph.D. Psychiatrists: Henry, H. B., M.D.; Hill, Julia, M.D., Child Guidance Specialist. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 57 Physician: Smythe, E. Z., M.D., Medical Examiner. Social “Worker: 1 with B.A. degree. Clerks: 2. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 500. Age range of persons studied: All ages; majority under 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (200), placement problems (200), mental defects and abnormalities (160), guidance problems (150), neglect problems (125), educational problems (50). Several reasons were given in many cases. Sources of reference: Welfare agencies, attendance and guidance departments of schools, courts, hospitals, physicians, miscellaneous. Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by clinic interviews, by the social worker and from reports made by referring agencies. Medical examinations are made by clinic physicians and psychiatrists. Tests used: Stanford Revision Binet-Simon, performance tests, analytic tests. Students from Drake University use clinic data for research purposes. Training and practice in clinical service is offered to Drake University students and to social workers. The training is not standardized. No definite number of students are accepted. No remuneration is given. Kansas University of Kansas Educational Clinic: (Lawrence, Kansas.) Jurisdiction: Part of School of Education, University of Kansas. The clinic was organized in response to the need for specially trained teachers for counselling and also for handling of special educational and behavior problems of school children.

Staff: Director: Nash, Bert A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologist: Turney, A. II., Ph.D., Consultant. Psychiatrist: Harrington, G. L., M.D., Consultant. Social Workers: Graduate students. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 250. 58 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC Age range of persons studied: 2 to 50 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (50), educational problems (50), mental defects and abnormalities (150). Sources of reference: Public school, social service organizations, institutions. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by graduate students through visits to the home and school. Routine physical examinations are not made. Parents are referred to specialists when necessary. Tests used: Intelligence, performance scales, personality rating scales, special aptitudes. Remedial teaching is done by graduate students under supervision. Research is done by graduate students under the direction of the clinic staff. Clinical training and practice are offered to 12 graduate students per year. Preliminary work in clinical and educational psychology required. Students are trained for educational counselling, clinical psychology and special education. In connection with this training, the following courses are offered in the University of Kansas: General and educational psychology, Mental testing of school children, Psychology of elementary school subjects, Adolescent psychology, Educational clinic, Special problems, Non-typical children. Wichita Child Research Laboratory: (Friends University, Wichita, Kansas.) Jurisdiction: Friends University and a Community Board. This clinic was organized as a joint project of the University and a group of interested women?the Wichita Child Research Laboratory Board. It is located at the University; was at first financed by money raised by the Board and later by the Community Chest.

Staff: Director: Cowan, Edwina A., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Research Assistant: Pratt, Bertha, B.A., Psychologist. Clerks: 2. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 150. Age range of persons studied: 6 weeks to 12 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, neglect problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference: Parents, schools, physicians, social agencies, Probate Court. The facts concerning the social history, environment and schooling are obtained from the referring agencies. Physical examinations are made by arrangement with clinics or family physicians. Tests used: Intelligence, developmental schedules, Binet for Blind, Binet for Deaf Mutes, motor coordination, vocational, educational, personality, speech. Diagnostic and clinical teaching are done. Research is supervised by the Director and conducted by the Director, the Research Assistant and University students. Time devoted to Research: Director, 2 afternoons per week; Research Assistants, 3 days per week; Students, from 4 to 10 hours per week. Clinical training and practice is offered to senior students, with training in elementary and genetic psychology. Training is offered in testing and handling of minor problems, also in the theory of diagnosis and handling of major problems. From 4 to 10 hours a week is required. Training is supplemented by courses offered by the Clinic Staff at Friends University. Kentucky Psychological Clinic, University of Kentucky: (Lexington, Kentucky. ) Jurisdiction: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky. The clinic was organized as a result of the personal initiative of members of the Department of Psychology who are especially equipped for and particularly interested in clinical service.

Staff: Director: Miner, M. B., Ph.D., Professor in Psychology. Psychologists: Dimmick, G. B., Ph.D., Asst. Prof, in Psychology; White, M. M., Ph.D., Assoc. Prof, in Psychology; Beaumont, Henry, Ph.D., Assoc. Prof, in Psychology. Research Workers: Gordon, Mary Agnes, M.A.; Watson, W. E., M.A.; Mullins, R. E., Graduate Student; Berg, S. E., Graduate Student. Social Workers: Graduate students and social workers from referring agencies. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 150. Age range of persons studied: 5 to 50 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (50), educational problems (70), guidance (20), mental defects and abnormalities (15). Source of reference: University officers, Juvenile Court, Family Welfare Society, public schools, state institutions. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from clinic interviews. Medical examinations are not routine, but are secured when indicated from local clinics and physicians. Clinical teaching is done by graduate students. Research is supervised by the staff and conducted by graduate students. Training and practice are offered to graduate students and those in senior standing who have sufficient credit in psychology. Training in clinical practice and testing is offered. This training is supplemented by courses given at the University by the clinic staff. Psychological Laboratory, Bureau of Research: (Louisville Public Schools, Louisville, Kentucky.) Jurisdiction: Board of Education. The Bureau of Research is an administrative organization of the Educational Department of Louisville Public School system under the Board of Education. It has a three-fold purpose: administrative research, supervision and interpretation of group testing programs throughout the school system, and administration and interpretation of psychological tests. It serves the school system upon request of the principal of a school. The Psychological Laboratory of the Bureau of Research was established in 1914, for the purpose of selecting children for special class training, and for the study of guidance and placement problems.

Staff: Assistant Superintendent in charge of reseach: Blom, E. C., Ph.D. in Education. Psychologists: Modeson, Gertrude, B.A., M.A., Assistant in Research; White, Dorothy, B.A., M.A., Assistant in Research. Clerks: 2. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 300. Age range of persons studied: 5 to 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference: Public schools. Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from family studies prepared by visiting teachers. No routine medical examinations are given. Cases are sometimes referred to medical clinics. Tests used: Stanford Revision Binet-Simon, Goodenougli Drawing, Arthur Point Scale. Louisiana Clinic of the Psychological Department of Louisiana State University: (Baton Rouge, Louisiana.) Jurisdiction: Louisiana State University. The clinic was organized as the result of the initiative of the department of psychology.

Staff: Director: Bean, C. H., Ph.D., Psychologist; Young, Paul C., Ph.D., Psychologist. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 160. Age range of persons studied: 18 months to senility. Reasons given for study: Educational problems (65), guidance (35), mental defects and abnormalities (30), placement (28), conduct (12). Source of reference: Louisiana State University, public schools, parents, University students, individuals wishing guidance. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained through interviews with patients, relatives and teachers. There are no routine physical examinations. Patients are sometimes referred to University medical school. Test used: Intelligence, Goodenough Drawing, personality inventories, Formboard, Free Association. Clinical teaching is done in about 10% of cases. Clinical training and practice are offered and are supplemented by courses given in the University.

Maryland Child Guidance Clinic, Children’s Aid Society: (Baltimore County, Towson, Md.) Jurisdiction: Children’s Aid Society, Baltimore, Maryland. The Johns Hopkins University and the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Psychopathic Hospital cooperate by contributing services of specialists but neither assume other obligations. The clinic was organized on the initiative of the Children’s Aid Society of Baltimore County. This society realized the need for a clinical study of children whom they place in foster homes. The service was requested of the psychological department of the Johns Hopkins University and of the psychiatrist at the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Psychopathic Hospital, and finally a regular clinic service was organized. The clinic is held at the Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Psychopathic Hospital. The psychological staff is a permanent one, headed by Dr Buford Johnson. The psychiatric service varies, different physicians serving as assigned by hospital.

Staff: Director: Johnson, Buford, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Members of psychological staff of Johns Hopkins University and graduate students assist in psychological testing. Psychiatrist: One psychiatrist from staff of Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital serves for set time, then another is appointed. Social Workers: Workers on the staff of Children’s Aid Society are utilized. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 50 to 80 per year. Age range of persons studied: 6 months to 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities Source of reference: All persons studied are charges of the Children’s Aid Society. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from the social workers and supplemented by facts gained during interviews with psychologist and psychiatrist. No routine physical examinations are made, but if indicated children are referred to other medical clinics. Tests used: Intelligence, performance, developmental schedules, Porteus Maze, others as indicated. Clinical training and practice are offered to students who have completed a course in mental measurements and one in child psychology offered at Johns Hopkins University. Massachusetts Judge Baker Guidance Center, A Service for Childhood and Youth: (38y2 Beacon Street, Boston, Massachusetts.) Jurisdiction: A Massachusetts corporation supported entirely by private contributions and bequests, and functioning under a Board of Trustees. The Judge Baker Guidance Center, formerly the Judge Baker Foundation, was established by Judge Frederick Pickering Cabot in 1917 as a memorial to his predecessor, Judge Harvey Humphrey Baker. As Judge of the Juvenile Court, Judge Cabot realized that it was necessary to understand before judging, to know the basic reasons for delinquency by studying offenders from psychological, psychiatric, and social points of view. To make such understanding possible, he established the Judge Baker Foundation. Instituted to study the juvenile court cases, the clinic soon extended its service to include a great variety of charitable agencies, and although at the present time the Juvenile Court supplies more cases than any other agency, the Center serves the general public.

Staff: Directors: Healy, William, M.D.; Bronner, Augusta, F., Ph.D., Psychologists. Psychologists: Wood, Louise, M.A.; Bashlow, Muriel, B.A.; four volunteer psychologists. Psychiatrists: Moulton, Bryant, M.D.; Skinner, Anne, M.D.; four volunteer psychiatrists. Research Workers: Shimberg, Myra E., Ph.D.; four volunteers. Social Workers: Garrett, Annette, M. A.; Dewey, Mildred, M.A.; Lewenberg, Martha P., M.A.; six volunteers. Publicity: Seabury, Mrs. Mortimer; three volunteers. Executive Assistant: Bronner, James D. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 919. Age range of persons studied: 6 to 18 years, average age 14. Reasons given for request for study: Educational problems, behavior problems, personality problems, guidance problems, family problems. Source of reference: Juvenile Courts, other courts, child welfare agencies, family welfare agencies, settlements, hospitals and ? health agencies, state departments, schools, physicians. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by social workers. Physical examinations are given, and children are referred to other clinics and laboratories for special diagnoses. The need of expert treatment of the mental and emotional life of children and of families has steadily grown clearer. The Center maintains a treatment unit, which functions in cooperation with the psychiatric and psychological staff, utilizes psychiatric social workers from Smith College during a year of training and workers-in-training assigned from other agencies. It offers intensive work with selected families and special problem children. It is supported by special appropriations from the Godfrey M. Hyams Fund. It carries approximately 214 families per year. Volunteer tutors have added much to the efficiency of this work.

Research is supervised by Dr Shimberg and is conducted largely by volunteers. Clinical training and practice are offered in the departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Social Service. The staff conferences are attended by large numbers of professional people who come in classes or individually. They include groups from Brown University, Framingham Normal School, Wellesley College and students from Harvard and Yale. Educational affiliations: Dr Bronner and Dr Healy offer a weekly class at the School of Education of Boston University. Dr. Healy offers a course on “The Bases of Personality Formation” at the Harvard Theological School. Members of the staff give many addresses before groups of various types and also contribute radio talks. Seminars for social workers are conducted. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 65 The Department of Child Study, New England Home for Little Wanderers: (161 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts.) Jurisdiction: New England Home for Little Wanderers, an independent organization. The Department of Child Study was organized in 1915, when the Home for Little Wanderers established a Study Home. It was believed that children who were accepted for foster home care could be placed more satisfactorily after preliminary observation in the Study Home. The advantages of the Study Home became more and more apparent, and an increasing number of applications were received from cooperating agencies and individuals. A large proportion of the children admitted to the Study Home represent behavior problems. About 50 children are accommodated.

Staff: Psychologist: Hardwick, Rose S., Ph.D. Psychiatrists: Anthonisen, Margaret, M.D.; Solomon, Harry C., M.D., Consulting Psychiatrist; Ordway, Mabel D., M.D., Consulting Psychiatrist; Taylor, Mary Anna, M.D., Consulting Psychiatrist. Pediatrician: Emerson, Paul F., M.D. Social Workers: The Social Service Staff of the organization is utilized.

Teacher: Slade, Mary A., Director of Experimental School. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 164. Age range of persons studied: Early infancy to late adolescence. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, neglect problems, guidance problems, placement problems, mental defects and abnormalities, physical problems. Source of reference: Other child-caring agencies, schools, courts, churches, Mental Hygiene Clinics, hospitals, social agencies, individuals from all parts of New England and beyond. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by the social field workers. Physical examinations are made at the home by the Medical Director or his assistants and consultants. Tests used: Intelligence, developmental schedules, performance, achievement, other tests as indicated by case. Clinical teaching is done by volunteers. Research is a matter of individual initiative and is carried on by students in training in social work. The records of the organization have been utilized in a number of research projects and are made available insofar as possible to qualified workers. Psycho-Educational Clinic: (Palfrey House, Rear 50 Oxford St., Cambridge, Mass.) Jurisdiction: Graduate School of Education, Harvard University. This clinic was organized by Dr Walter F. Dearborn in 1913 as a department of the School of Education of Harvard University in order to study educational problems of school children.

Staff: Director: Dearborn, W. F., M.D., Ph.D., Psychologist; Comfort, F. D., M.Ed., M.A., Psychologist; Elliott, D. M., S.A., Psychologist; Cattell, P., D.Ed., Research Associate, Psychologist; Knight, J. B., M.S., M.Ed., Psychologist, Administrative Officer; Hobson, J. R., M.Ed., Research Assistant, Psychologist; West, E. D., M.Ed., Research Assistant, Psychologist; Wheeler, J. A., Research Assistant, Psychologist; Lincoln, E. A., Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Psychology. Psychiatrists: Dearborn, W. F., M.D., Ph.D.; Greene, R. A., M.D., Consultant, Supt. of Walter E. Fernald State School for the Feeble-Minded. Research Workers: Psychological Staff; Seymour, H. C., M.Ed., Assistant in Research. Teachers: West, E. D., Psychological Staff; Wheeler, J. A., Psychological Staff, Remedial Teaching; Seymour, H. C., Research Staff; Comfort, F. D., Psychological Staff, Remedial Instruction. Clerks: 6. Approximate number of persons studied annually: About 100; also about 2500 examined annually in a special study of growth. No age limit. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (6 or 7), educational problems (90), guidance problems (3 or 4), mental defects and abnormalities (3 or 4). Source of reference: Largely private schools, public schools, clinics. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by staff members through conferences with teachers, parents and home and school visits. Only psychiatric and visual examinations are made by the clinic staff. Other examinations secured from family physician or medical clinics. Tests used: Stanford Binet-Simon, Dearborn A, B, C, and D., other tests as indicated by case. Diagnostic and clinical teaching are done. Research is supervised by Dr W. F. Dearborn, the Director of the Clinic, and is conducted by members of the staff and advanced graduate students. The main purpose of this clinic is research. Clinical training and practice is offered to students of graduate standing. Training is offered in the giving of mental tests and the interpretation of results, examining, remedial instruction and research methods. This training is supplemented by many courses in the department of psychology at Harvard. Department of Personnel and Research, Perkins Institution and Massachusetts State School for the Blind: (Watertown, Massachusetts. ) Jurisdiction: Perkins Institution and Massachusetts State School for the Blind. The Department was organized in September, 1932, in response to the realization of the trustees and directors of the institution, that the visually handicapped child needs special help in making the necessary adjustments to life and that this school is especially well qualified to initiate such work. The Department serves all the New England States upon request.

Staff: Director: Maxfield, Kathryn E., M.A., Psychologist. Social Worker: Swinerton, Louise, B.S., R.N. Clerks: 2. The approximate number of persons studied annually: 275. Many cases, this being a residential school, followed over a long period of years. Age range of persons studied: A few months to 30 years. The reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, edu68 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC eational problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference:/Teachers, principals, Medical Department, matrons. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from conferences, home visits, reports from school departments, and from admission records. Physical examinations are made by the Institute Physician. Neurological and psychiatric examinations are made by consultants. Tests used: Intelligence tests, Hayes-Binet-Simon, Stanford BinetSimon. Diagnostic and clinical teaching is done. Research is supervised by the Director of Personnel and Research and conducted by a secretary and psychometrist. Michigan Mental Hygiene and Health Education Clinic: (Battle Creek, Michigan.) Jurisdiction: W. K. Kellogg Foundation. The psychological section was first organized as a part of the Ann J. Kellogg School, a special experimental school and later incorporated into the activities of the Foundation, which had a health unit in this school.

Staff: Director Mental Hygiene: Street, Roy F., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Associate Director: Rosebrook, Wilda, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Teaching Nurses: Nine who are on staff act in the capacity of social workers. Clerks: 5. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 800. Age range of persons studied: 5 to 18 years. Source of reference: Schools, courts, parents, physicians. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by teaching nurses. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 69 Medical examinations are obtained through local physicians. Tests used: Intelligence, achievement. Detroit Psychological Clinic: (453 Stimson Avenue, Detroit, Michigan.) Jurisdiction: Detroit Board of Education. The clinic was established in 1911 for the purpose of examining and selecting children for classes of mentally retarded.

Staff: Director: Baker, Harry J., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologists: Carter, Alice B., M.A.; Church, Frank, M.A.; DeMartino, Angelina, B.A.; Jordan, Blanche, B.A.; Koepke, Margaret, B.A.; Krumliolz, Louis, M.A.; Leland, Bernice, M.A.; Nielson, Ruth, B.A.; Oakley, Catherine, B.A.; Selaver, Maude, B.A.; Yoelker, Paul, B.A. Physicians: 3. Social Workers: 7. One has an M.A., six have a B.A. All are experienced.

Clerks: 7. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 5000. Age range of persons studied: 5 to 20 years or older. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (1000) educational problems (500), neglect problems (150), placement problems (150), guidance problems (200), mental defects and abnormalities (3000). Source of reference: The staff visits all the schools on scheduled dates. Children to be examined selected by the teachers and finally chosen by principal and staff representative. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by the staff social workers from interviews with pupils and parents, schools and agencies. Physical examinations are made to detect sensory defects. When complete examinations are needed, children are referred to private physicians or to public clinics. Tests used: Intelligence, Pintner-Patterson, Porteus Maze, Form Board, Kohs Blocks, Picture Completion. A certain amount of research is conducted on individual initiative. This is a service agency and no regular time is allotted for research. Educational affiliations: The Director of the Clinic and members of the staff offer courses at the Detroit Teachers College (Evening Courses). The Director also offers courses at the summer session of the University of Wisconsin. The Children’s Center: (660 Frederick Street, Detroit, Michigan.) Jurisdiction: The Child Guidance Division of the Children’s Fund of Michigan. The Children’s Center was established September 1, 1930, under the Child Guidance Division of the Children’s Fund of Michigan. This clinic was the direct outgrowth of the Neuro-psychiatric Clinic at Harper Hospital, Detroit, which had been in existence for five years under the direction of Dr A. L. Jacoby, Psychiatrist, who died in April, 1927. The Neuro-psychiatric Clinic proved the importance of preventive work with problem children, and the new clinic decided that only children of average intelligence and above, who were beginning to show problems of behavior, would be accepted for study. The clinic does not handle severe delinquents nor children who are markedly ill mentally. If presented, such children are studied by the psychiatrist, and if the prognosis is sufficiently good, they are carried by the psychiatric social workers under his direction.

Staff: Director of Child Guidance Division: Watson, Maud E., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologists: Aclieson, Eunice M., Ph.D.; Ridenour, Nina C., M.A. Psychiatrist: August, Harry, M.D., B.S., D.P.M. Physician: Hamil, Brenton M., M.D., Pediatrician (part-time). Social Workers: Denecke, Helen, B.A.; Alpern, Estelle, B.A.; Madsen, Frances, M.A.; Talbot, Mira, B.A.; Boynton, Alice, M.A.; Hilton, Esther, B.A.; Bird, Elsie, M.A.; Turner, Florence, B.A.; Struthers, Eleanor, B.A. Volunteer Social Workers: 3.

Clerks: 3. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 600. Age range of persons studied: 2 to 16 years. Source of reference: Schools, social agencies, physicians, parents. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 71 The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by social workers through interviews with parents, physicians, school teachers, etc. Physical examinations are made by clinic physicians but are also often referred to other physicians. Tests used: Intelligence, developmental schedules, Arthur Point Scale, Form Board, Vocabulary, Information, achievement, educational, interest, personality schedules, Goodenough Drawing. Diagnostic and clinical teaching is done by psychologists and by graduate students. Clinical training and practice is offered to those having an A.B. degree, preference being given to students from New York or Smith School of Social work. Training is given in psychiatric social work. Full time is required. Usually 8 students. One year of this training plus two summers’ work at New York University is accepted for an M.A. degree. Educational affiliations: The director offers courses in mental hygiene at the City College. Students are principals, assistant principals, counsellors, teachers and social workers. Merrill-Palmer School Advisoy Service for College Women: (71 Ferry Ave., East, Detroit, Michigan.) Jurisdiction: Merrill-Palmer School. The service was established in response to a need for knowledge of effect of college training upon life of college women.

Staff: Psychologists: Vincent, E. L., Ph.D.; Stutsman, R., Ph.D.; Roberts, Katherine, Ph.D.; Nesbitt, Margaret, M.A.; Campbell, E. H., M.A., Research Supervision. Physicians: McGuire, Ruth, M.D., Gynecologist (Part-time); Wilson, Charles, M.D., Pediatrician, Consultant. Research Workers: Foster, Robert, Ph.D., Director of Research; Wilson, P. P., M.A., Social Secretary; Sweeney, Mary E., Director Department of Physical Growth. Parent Education Worker: Tilson, Agnes, Ph.D. Nutrition Specialists: Sweeney, Mary E., M.A.; McGuire, Lelia, M.A. Clerical Assistants: Stenographers and Statistician. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 300. Age range of persons studied: College women and their children, husbands, etc.

Reasons given for request for study: Personal application for assistance and advice on personal and family problems. The facts concerning social history, environment and school are obtained by staff through interviews. Physical examinations are either made by clinic physician or obtained by reference to other physicians. Tests used: Intelligence, developmental schedules, mechanical aptitudes, diagnostic reading, personality inventories. Research is supervised and conducted through committee organization. Three persons devote full time to research, three persons part time, and there is one research fellow. Clinical training and practice are offered. The selection of students is based upon the capacity to do the work, not upon academic standards. Training is offered in the study of normal children, infants, pre-school and pre-adolescents, and observation of clinical procedure. The training is supplemented by courses given in the Merrill-Palmer School on mental hygiene of children, mental measurements, physical growth and development of young children and parent education. Merrill-Palmer Special Behavior Clinic of Children’s Hospital: (Children’s Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan.) Jurisdiction: Merrill-Palmer School and Children’s Hospital of Michigan. The clinic was organized in response to the need of the Children’s Hospital for such a clinic in its training of internes and supervisors, and in response to the need of the Merrill-Palmer School for contacts with children from poorer homes.

Staff: Psychologists: Vincent, E. L., Ph.D.; Stutsman, R., Ph.D.; Roberts, Katherine, Ph.D.; Nesbitt, Margaret, M.A. Pediatrician: Wilson, Charles, M.D., Head of Out-Patient Department, Children’s Hospital. Parent Education Workers: Williams, Mrs. Charles, M.A., Psychologist; Tilson, Agnes, Ph.D., Psychologist. Nutrition Specialists: Sweeney, Mary E., M.A.; McGuire, Lelia M.A. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 50. Age range of persons studied: 0 to 18 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, neglect problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. The facts concerning social history, environment, and schoolingare obtained through interviews by parent educational workers. Physical examinations are given by clinic physician or children are referred to other physicians or clinics. Tests used: Intelligence, mechanical aptitudes, diagnostic reading, personality inventories. Wayne County Clinic for Child Study: (1025 East Forest Ave., Detroit, Michigan.) Jurisdiction: Juvenile Court and the State Psychopathic Hospital at Ann Arbor. In 1916 the Juvenile Court Judge found that there were many recidivists whose particular problems were not fully met by ordinary institutions nor by probation. He secured the services of a psychiatrist who was able to give considerable help to a limited number of cases. The Judge then decided that a clinic should be established as a regular part and function of the Court.

Staff: Director: Hirsch, Nathaniel, M.D., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologists: Peterson, Ivis, Ph.B.; Hewson, Louise R., M.A.; Milstein, Freda, B.A. (part-time). Psychiatrists: August, Harry E., M.D. (part-time); Dorsey, John M., M.D. (part-time). The psychiatric service totals two and one half days per week. Physicians: Taylor, Nelson, M.D., Examining Physician; Klein, Louis, M.D., Consulting Endocrinologist. Social Workers: Silliman, Marguerite, M.A.; Adler, Rose, B.A.; Baxter, Margaret, M.Ed.; Papworth, Patricia, B.A. (parttime) ; Meredith, Esther T., B.A. (vounteer) (part-time). Clerks: 5. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 1000. 74 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC Age range of persons studied: 2 years and older. Mostly adolescents. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (majority), neglect problems (few), placement problems (few), guidance problems (few), mental defects and abnormalities (few), educational problems (practically none). Sources of reference: Juvenile Courts, social agencies, parents, interested persons. Facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained from interviews with members of the family and other interested persons from court files and from social agencies. Medical examinations are made by clinic physicians. Tests used: Stanford Revision Binet-Simon, Herring Revision Binet-Simon, Kohs Blocks, Ferguson Formboards, Healy II, Porteus Maze, Pintner-Patterson Performance Scale. Some tutoring in remedial reading. Research in delinquency, heredity and environment is conducted by Dr Hirsch. The time assigned for research is theoretically 50 days per year. Training and practice in clinic service is offered to senior college students. Training is offered in the primary aspects of both personality studies and social history. Two or three students per year are accepted. No remuneration is given. Minnesota University of Minnesota Speech Clinic: (Minneapolis, Minnesota.) Jurisdiction: Department of Speech, University of Minnesota. The clinic was organized in response to the need for adequate handling of personality problems discovered in speech students. Staff: Director: Bryngelson, Bryng, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Assistant: Hull, Catherine, B.A., M.A., Psychologist. Research Workers: 2 graduate students. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 150. Age range of persons studied: 18 to 40 years. Reasons given for request for study: Educational problems (20%), guidance problems (20%), mental defects and abnormalities (60%). Source of reference: Faculty, counsellors, departments of English, Sociology, Psychology, and Medicine. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained through personal interviews with parents and persons studied. Physical examinations are obtained through the Health Service and at the University Hospital. Tests used: Intelligence, personality inventories. Testing service is supplied from the University Testing Bureau. Diagnostic and clinical teaching is offered. From 5 to 6 hours per day is devoted to such teaching. The main work of this clinic is corrective speech, in which both psychological and neurological therapy are used. Many stutterers are handled. Research is supervised by the Director and carried on by graduate students in preparation for theses. Clinical training and practice are offered to majors in speech pathology or clinical psychology. The students are trained to handle behavior problems, mental testing, vocational guidance and all types of speech correction. Four or five students are accepted each year. Clinical practice is supplemented by many courses offered in the Department of Speech, University of Minnesota. Division of Research, State Department of Public Institutions: (State Capitol, St. Paul, Minnesota.) Jurisdiction: State Department of Public Instruction. The bureau was organized for the conducting of research in the State School for the Feeble-Minded, and later the work was extended to include the examination of children for the State Board of Education in connection with the organization of special classes for the training of the mentally subnormal, and for other state institutions.

Staff: Director: Kuhlman, Fred, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist. Mental Examiners: Kyle, Eileen, B.A., M.A., Psychologist; Probst, Cathryn, B.A., M.A., Psychologist; Elonen, Anna, B.A., M.A., Psychologist; Ewert, Josephine, B.A., M.A., Psychologist; Frandsen, Arden N., Ph.D., Psychologist; Malmstron, Hilda J., M.A., Psychologist.

Clerks: 2. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 4000 to 5000. Age range of persons studied: 6 months to old age. Source of reference: State Reformatories and Penal Institutions, State School for Feeble-Minded, State Institution for dependent children, State Institution for crippled children, County Child Welfare Board, State Department of Education, private charities and welfare agencies. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained through referring agency. No medical examinations are made by clinic. They are secured through agency referring the case. Tests used: Kuhlman Handbook of Mental Tests, Kuhlman Anderson Intelligence Tests, Hayes Stanford Binet Scale for Blind, Arthur Performance Scale, miscellaneous tests occasionally. Research is supervised by the Director of the Division. It is conducted by the various members of the staff. All members of the staff have the opportunity to devote some time to research, if they so desire. No research is required and no definite amount of time is set aside for it. Nebraska Psychological Clinic, Lincoln Public Schools: (15th and M St., Lincoln, Neb.) Jurisdiction: Board of Education. The clinic was established to meet the need for selecting children in preparation for the organization of special classes for defective children.

Staff: Psychologist: Slade, Clara M., B.A., M.A. Research Workers: Goodrich, T. V., B.A., M.A., Director of Research. Visiting Teachers: 2. Clerks: 1 (part-time). Approximate number of persons studied annually: Number varies each year. Age range of persons studied: 4^2 to 18y2 years. REPORT OF COMMITTEE OF CLINICAL SECTION 77 Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities. Sources of reference: Superintendent of Schools, supervisor or principal, Juvenile courts, parents. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by visiting teacher through interviews and home visits. Medical examinations are made by school physician, and children are referred to specialists when necessary. Tests used: Intelligence tests (individual and group), academic tests, formboard test, aptitude scale, special ability test, miscellaneous tests, when necessary. Diagnostic and clinical teaching is done. Amount varies with problems. Research is conducted by the Director of Research, the Primary Supervisor and the Psychologist. No specified time is assigned for it. Psychological Clinic, Creighton University: (25th and California Streets, Omaha, Nebraska.) Jurisdiction: Creighton University. The clinic was established in response to the interest and desire of the staff psychologists and of the social agencies.

Staff: Psychologists: Kelly,William, B.A., M.A., LL.D., Ph.D.; Kennedy, Leo R., B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Psychiatrists: Houlton, Thomas, B.S., M.D., Consultant; Neuhaus, George, M.D., Consultant. Social Worker: Brown, L., B.A., M.A. Clerk: 1. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 60. Age range of persons studied: 9 months to 40 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems (40), educational problems (5), mental defects and abnormalities (15). Source of reference: Schools, school nurses, family welfare organizations, parents. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by staff and from referring agency. 78 THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CLINIC When medical examinations are needed, patient is referred to medical clinic of medical school. Tests used: Intelligence, performance scale, Goodenough Drawing Test, Mechanical Ability Test, Seashore Tests. Some diagnostic and clinical teaching are done by specially secured teachers. Clinical training and practice are offered. There are no regular requirements. Courses are given in Mental Hygiene, Mental Deficiency and in the giving of various individual tests. Each student is required to give a minimum of 30 examinations under the personal direction of Dr Kennedy. New Jersey Psychological and Mental Hygiene Clinic of Rutgers University: (Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J.) Jurisdiction: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N. J. Partial subsidy from New Jersey State Department of Institutions and Agencies. Dr Starr was called to establish a department of psychology at Rutgers University. This he has attempted to do along the lines followed at the University of Pennsylvania, which included the establishment of a clinic. Furthermore, the Commissioner of the State Department of Institutions and Agencies wished a clinic established at the State University to function as both an examination and training center. The clinic was established in October, 1929, as a distinct department of the University.

Staff: Director: Starr, Henry E., Ph.D. Assistant Director: Starr, Anna S., Ph.D. Psychologist: Sanderson, Sidney, Ph.D., Consultant. Psychiatrist: Means, Paul B., M.D., Consultant. Physicians: Johnson, F. C., M.D., Consultant, Pediatrician; Kler, Joseph H., M.D., Consultant, Ophthalmology; Marvin, Dorothy H., M.D., Consultant, Gynecology; Ridgeway, E. H., O.D., Consultant Optometrist. Research “Workers: 4 Graduate Students. Teachers: Orthogenic teaching done by advanced students under direction. Clerk: 1. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 250. Age range of persons studied: 1 to 60 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, neglect problems, placement problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities, personality problems. Source of reference: Persons come of their own volition or are referred by parents, teachers, physicians, friends, schools and various social agencies. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by requiring the filling out of preliminary case history sheets by parents or other persons responsible for the case. Neurological, psychiatric and visual examinations are made when indicated by the consultant specialists, but regular physical examinations are made by family and school physicians. Tests used: Intelligence, developmental schedules, Form Board Test, Pintner-Patterson, Rutgers Drawing Test, mechanical aptitude tests, memory, information, personality schedules, miscellaneous tests when indicated. Diagnostic and clinical teaching are done when necessary by advanced students. Research is supervised by the Director of the Clinic and is conducted by staff and advanced students. Clinical training and practice are offered, and a bachelor’s degree with the basic courses in psychology is a requisite. Training is offered in the fundamentals of clinical psychology, test administration and interpretation of results, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Six students are accepted for training. This training is supplemented by courses given by the clinic staff in the Graduate School, the College of Arte and Sciences, School of Education of Rutgers University. Mental Hygiene Institute, State Teachers College: (Upper Montclair, N. J.) Jurisdiction: The Department of Psychology, State Teachers College, Upper Montclair, New Jersey. The clinic was established in response to the need for a demonstration clinic that would give class room teachers a better understanding of the dynamics of behavior.

Staff: Directors: Zachey, Caroline B., B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Psychologist; Lloyd, Wilma F., R.N., B.A., M.A., Psychologist; Speyer, Helen, B.A., M.A., Psychologist. Psychiatrist: Jewett, Stephen P., B.A., M.A., M.D. Research Worker: Jaeger, Martha, B.A., M.A. Social Worker: Roberts, Helen, B.A., M.A., M.S.S. Clerks: 1 full-time secretary; part-time student assistants. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 500. Age range of persons studied: 5 to 25 years. Reasons given for request for study: Conduct problems, educational problems, guidance problems, mental defects and abnormalities (very few of these). Source of reference: Students at State Teachers College, neighboring public schools, demonstration high school, two private schools.

The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained by social worker, assisted by graduate students. Medical examinations are made by clinic psychiatrist and a college physician as consultant. Special cases are sometimes referred to Neurological Institute, New York City. Tests used: Intelligence, developmental schedules, Kolis Blocks, Porteus Maze, Form Boards, Assembling, Knox Cubes, Witmer Cylinders, Healy Picture Completion, group tests. Diagnostic and clinical teaching are carried on by students under staff supervision.

Research is supervised by the Director of the Clinic and professors under whom graduate students are conducting research. Clinical training and practice are offered to students who have a B.A. or B.S. The training is preparatory for work as a Psychologist, Visiting Teacher, Guidance Worker in school. Fifty-two students are accepted. The clinical training and practice are supplemented by the following courses which are given by the Director of the Clinic and her assistants: Educational psychology and mental hygiene, Educational psychology and tests and measurements, Analysis of case histories, Treatment planning, Physical health problems of adjustment, administration of a guidance program. The Vineland Laboratory: (The Training School, Yineland, New Jersey.) Jurisdiction: New Jersey State Department of Institutions and Agencies. The Laboratory was organized as a department of the Training School in order to promote research in mental deficiency.

Staff: Director: Doll, Edgar A., B.A., M.Pd., Ph.D., Psychologist. Psychologists: Krezer, George, B.A., Ph.D., Research Associate; Mclntire, J. T., B.A., Chief Clinical Psychologist; Longwell, S. Geraldine, B.A., M.A., Research Asst.; Emerson, Marion, B.A., Research Fellow. Research Workers: All staff workers give full time to research, three of them the major portion of their time. Clerks: General Secretary, Clinic secretary and librarian, Editorial secretary. Approximate number of persons studied annually: 750. Age range of persons studied: All ages. Reasons given for request for study: Mental defects and abnormalities. Source of reference: Courts, schools, homes, physicians, individuals. The facts concerning social history, environment and schooling are obtained through the use of blanks, correspondence, interviews and some visiting by psychologists and through routine institutional service. Medical examinations are made by institution physicians and by consultation service when required. Research is supervised by the director and conducted by director and staff. The general plan is to devote half time to research. In practice this depends on ability and interest of staff members. Training in clinical methods and practice, study and research are offered. The degree of B.A. is a requisite. One to five students are accepted, and maintenance is provided.

Disclaimer

The historical material in this project falls into one of three categories for clearances and permissions:

1. Material currently under copyright, made available with a Creative Commons license chosen by the publisher.

2. Material that is in the public domain

3. Material identified by the Welcome Trust as an Orphan Work, made available with a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

While we are in the process of adding metadata to the articles, please check the article at its original source for specific copyrights.

See https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/about/scanning/